The history of shooting sports in the UK
18-Jun-2025
Chris Cooper
Shooting sports have long played a vital role in the culture and countryside traditions of the United Kingdom. From royal pastimes to competitive clay pigeon shooting, the evolution of shooting in the UK reflects both its historical roots and its modern appeal. In this article, we explore the rich history of shooting sports in the UK and how they’ve developed over the centuries.
Origins in hunting and aristocracy
The roots of shooting sports in Britain can be traced back to medieval times, when hunting with bows and crossbows was a means of survival and later became a status symbol among the aristocracy. By the 16th and 17th centuries, the introduction of early firearms saw the gentry adopting bird shooting and deer stalking as popular pastimes on private estates.
Driven game shooting, particularly for pheasant and partridge, became highly fashionable during the Victorian era. This period saw the development of traditional shooting estates and formalised shoot days — customs that continue to this day.
The development of modern sporting firearms
The 19th century was a defining era for sporting firearms. British gunmakers such as Purdey, Holland & Holland and Westley Richards became world-renowned for their craftsmanship. The invention of the breech-loading shotgun revolutionised the sport, making it faster and more accessible.
Double-barrelled shotguns, side-by-sides, and later over-and-under models became the firearm of choice for both game shooting and competitive clay pigeon shooting.
The birth of competitive shooting
The move from countryside sport to organised competition began in the late 19th century. The National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1860 to promote marksmanship among the armed forces and civilians, holding its first competition on Wimbledon Common before relocating to Bisley.
Clay pigeon shooting emerged in the 1880s as an alternative to live pigeon shooting. This new discipline quickly gained popularity and evolved into various formats, including sporting, skeet and trap shooting — all of which remain popular today.
Shooting at the Olympics and international stage
Shooting has featured in the modern Olympic Games since 1896, and British shooters have achieved considerable success on the international stage. The UK has produced world-class marksmen and women in disciplines such as rifle, pistol and shotgun events.
Organisations such as British Shooting continue to support elite athletes and grassroots development, ensuring the UK’s continued presence in international competitions.
Shooting sports today in the UK
Today, shooting sports in the UK encompass a wide range of disciplines, from traditional driven shoots and deer stalking to competitive clay pigeon and air rifle shooting. It’s estimated that over 600,000 people participate in shooting sports annually in the UK, contributing significantly to the rural economy and countryside management.
Modern shooting is governed by strict safety and legal regulations, with organisations like the British Association for Shooting and Conservation (BASC) and the Clay Pigeon Shooting Association (CPSA) providing guidance, training and advocacy.
Final thoughts
The history of shooting sports in the UK is one of tradition, innovation and enduring popularity. From aristocratic roots to Olympic competition, shooting continues to be a respected and celebrated aspect of British sporting life. Whether you’re a seasoned game shooter or new to clay shooting, there’s a rich heritage to explore and be part of.
Must read: